Editing Orthogonal input keyboards

{{infobox patent 
| image     = [[file:Orthogonal-.png|frameless]]
| country   = US
| number    = 3945482
| inventor  = Harvey Einbinder
| issued    = 23 March 1976
| reference = {{cite patent |country = US |number =3945482}}
}}

'''Orthogonal input keyboards''' is an invention by Harvey Einbinder in 1973. Its patent number 3945482 was granted on 1976. Most [[ergonomic keyboards]] are manufactured under this patent. <ref> {{ cite patent | country = US | number = 3945482 | status = patent | title = Orthogonal input keyboards | pubdate =  | gdate = 23 March 1976 | fdate = 14 December 1973 | pridate =  | inventor = Harvey Einbinder | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }} </ref> 

==Description==

'''Orthogonal input keyboards'''

*Inventor: Harvey Einbinder
*Patent number: 3945482
*Filing date: 14 December 1973
*Issue date: 23 March 1976

==Abstract==

<blockquote>
Orthogonal ten finger keyboards are disclosed for typewriters computer terminals and other devices processing alphanumeric information that maximize entry rates and stroking accuracy and minimize finger motions and the time needed to master the keyboard. <br/>

The invention employs a plurarity of vertically oriented keys adjacent to horizontal home keys. The invention places five high frequency consonants on home keys under the fingers of the right hand the space and four high frequency vowels on home keys under the fingers of the left hand and ten medium frequency characters on adjacent vertical keys. Two key chords executed by fingers of the same hand generate common two character sequences belonging to the keys stroked. <br />

The keyboard is split into rotated halves containing curved key rows and slanted key tops of variable height to follow the architecture of the hand. The invention discloses optimum orthogonal keyboards for, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish and, Dutch. <br />

<br/>Harvey Einbinder <br />''Orthogonal input keyboards''<br/>
</blockquote>

==Referenced by==

*{{ cite patent | country = US	 | number = 4244659 | status = patent | title = Keyboard arrangement | pubdate =  | gdate = 13 January 1981 | fdate = 31 May 1978 | pridate =  | inventor = Lillian G. Malt | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4265557 | status = patent | title = Keyboard apparatus | pubdate =  | gdate = 5 May 1981 | fdate = 22 January 1981 | pridate =  | inventor = J. Marvin Runge  | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4310254 | status = patent | title = Keyboard device for processing linguistic information | pubdate =  | gdate = 12 January 1982 | fdate = 29 February 1980 | pridate =  | inventor = D'Angiolillo | invent1 = Encho Y. Kamakov | invent2 = Kiril T. Shakrachki | assign1 = Cuv progress | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US  | number = 4332493 | status = patent | title = Ten-finger typewriter keyboards | pubdate =  | gdate = 1 June 1982 | fdate = 12 January 1980 | pridate =  | inventor = Harvey Einbinder | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4522518 | status = patent | title = Character data input arrangement having central matrix of keys | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 June 1985 | fdate = 7 July 1983 | pridate =  | inventor = John R. Schmidt | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4531119 | status = patent | title = Method and apparatus for key-inputting Kanji | pubdate =  | gdate = 23 July 1985 | fdate = 30 November 1984 | pridate =  | inventor = Takeshi Nakayama | invent1 = Masaaki Kurosu | invent2 = Yoshimitsu Ohshima | assign1 = Hitachi, Ltd. | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4579470 | status = patent | title = Keyboard with keys concentrated in clusters | pubdate =  | gdate = 1 April 1986 | fdate = 11 April 1984 | pridate =  | inventor = Culien Casey | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4655621 | status = patent | title = Combinatorial keyboards which encode characters and a space | pubdate =  | gdate = 7 April 1987 | fdate = 21 August 1984 | pridate =  | inventor = Richard Holden | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4661005 | status = patent | title = Spittable keyboards which encode characters and a space | pubdate =  | gdate = 28 April 1987 | fdate = 16 January 1984 | pridate =  | inventor = Roy J. Lahr | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = Creative Associates | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4715736 | status = patent | title = Process for determining optimum keyboard formats for a given language | pubdate =  | gdate = 29 December 1987 | fdate = 9 April 1986 | pridate =  | inventor = Roger J. McGunnigle | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = FWM Enterprises, Inc. | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4761522 | status = patent | title = Finger operated switching apparatus | pubdate =  | gdate = 2 August 1988 | fdate = 6 October 1986 | pridate =  | inventor = Donald E. Allen | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4769516 | status = patent | title = Finger operated switching apparatus | pubdate =  | gdate = 6 September 1988 | fdate = 5 August 1987 | pridate =  | inventor = Donald E. Allen | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4783645 | status = patent | title = Quasi-steno keyboard for text entry into a computer | pubdate =  | gdate = 8 November 1988 | fdate = 2 April 1985 | pridate =  | inventor = Eric Goldwasser | invent1 = Dorothy Goldwasser | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4804279 | status = patent | title = Real-time word typewriter | pubdate =  | gdate = 14 February 1989 | fdate = 19 December 1985 | pridate =  | inventor = Nicholaas M. Berkelmans | invent1 = Marius Den Outer (represented by Annie Den Outer) | invent2 =  | assign1 = Special Systems Industry B.V. | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US  | number = 4824268 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 25 April 1989 | fdate = 27 August 1987 | pridate =  | inventor = Diemisse H. V. | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4833446 | status = patent | title = Keyboard apparatus and method | pubdate =  | gdate = 23 May 1989 | fdate = 12 February 1987 | pridate =  | inventor = Zohar Eilam | invent1 = Zeev Bar Itzchak | invent2 =  | assign1 = Ergoplic Ltd. | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US	 | number = 4849732 | status = patent | title = One hand key shell | pubdate =  | gdate = 18 July 1989 | fdate = 21 May 1988 | pridate =  | inventor = Heinz C. Dolenc | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4859100 | status = patent | title = Keyboard to prevent erroneous simultaneous activation of the keys | pubdate =  | gdate = 22 August 1989 | fdate = 4 January 1988 | pridate =  | inventor = Vincent Carlson | invent1 = Michael N. Fenlon | invent2 = Robert P. Mansur | assign1 = Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4897649 | status = patent | title = Keyboard for data entry on control purposes | pubdate =  | gdate = 30 January 1990 | fdate = 2 December 1986 | pridate =  | inventor = Larry R. Stucki | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4913573 | status = patent | title = Alpha-numeric keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 3 Aril 1990 | fdate = 18 August 1988 | pridate =  | inventor = | invent1 = Dale J. Retter | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4917516 | status = patent | title = Combination computer keyboard and mouse data entry system | pubdate =  | gdate = 17 April 1990 | fdate = 15 August 1988 | pridate =  | inventor = Dale J. Retter | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 4974183 | status = patent | title = Computer keyboard with thumb-actuated edit keys | pubdate =  | gdate = 27 November 1990 | fdate = 5 April 1989 | pridate =  | inventor = Wendell E. Miller | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5003301 | status = patent | title = Key arrangement and method of inputting information from a key arrangement | pubdate =  | gdate = 26 March 1991 | fdate = 23 June 1988 | pridate =  | inventor = Harvey D. Romberg | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5017030 | status = patent | title = Ergonomically designed keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 21 May 1991 | fdate = 7 July 1986 | pridate =  | inventor = Jay A. Crews | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5166669 | status = patent | title = Key arrangements and methods of use | pubdate =  | gdate = 24 November 1992 | fdate = 25 March 1991 | pridate =  | inventor = Harvey D. Romberg | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number =  | status = patent | title = Alphabetic keyboard arrangement for typing Mandarin Chinese phonetic data | pubdate =  | gdate = 18 May 1993 | fdate = 31 October 1990 | pridate =  | inventor = Colman Bernath | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5336001 | status = patent | title = Maximum comfort keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 9 August 1994 | fdate = 4 August 1992 | pridate =  | inventor = Allan C. Lichtenberg | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5426449  | status = patent | title = Pyramid shaped ergonomic keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 20 June 1995 | fdate = 20 April 1993 | pridate =  | inventor = Paul Danziger | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5486059 | status = patent | title = Keyboard having improved keytop | pubdate =  | gdate = 23 January 1996 | fdate = 23 February 1993 | pridate =  | inventor = Seiichi Iwasa | invent1 = Hideyuki Motoyama | invent2 = Makoto Yoshioka | assign1 = Fujitsu Limited | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5560724 | status = patent | title = Keyboard having improved keytop | pubdate =  | gdate = 1 October 1996 | fdate = 7 June 1995 | pridate =  | inventor = Seiichi Iwasa | invent1 = Hideyuki Motoyama | invent2 = Makoto Yoshioka | assign1 = Fujitsu Limited | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5610602 | status = patent | title = Keyboard and method for producing | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 March 1997 | fdate = 7 June 1995 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5673040 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard apparatus | pubdate =  | gdate = 30 September 1997 | fdate = 2 June 1993 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5689253 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard apparatus | pubdate =  | gdate = 18 November 1997 | fdate = 9 April 1993 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves | invent1 = Shirley A. Lunde | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5717431 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard for a portable computer and methods of operation and manufacture therefor | pubdate =  | gdate = 10 February 1998 | fdate = 8 November 1996 | pridate =  | inventor = Chen Chia-Yong | invent1 = Andrew W. Moore | invent2 = Andrew G. Ziegler | assign1 =  Dell USA | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5775822 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic computer keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 7 July 1998 | fdate = 28 October 1996 | pridate =  | inventor = Shih-Ming Cheng | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5790103 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard entry system | pubdate =  | gdate = 4 August 1998 | fdate = 4 October 1995 | pridate =  | inventor = Michael A. Willner | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5993089 | status = patent | title = 8-bit binary code for use as an 8-dot braille arrangement and data entry system and method for 8-key chordic binary keyboards | pubdate =  | gdate = 30 November 1999 | fdate = 3 February 1997 | pridate =  | inventor = James William Burell, IV | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 6031469 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic computer keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 29 February 2000 | fdate = 12 November 1996 | pridate =  | inventor = Jerry Dodd | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 6084576 | status = patent | title = User friendly keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 4 July 2000 | fdate = 4 March 1998 | pridate =  | inventor = Neng-Chyang Leu | invent1 = William Leu | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US  | number = 6088022 | status = patent | title = Spherical keyboard with built-in mouse | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 July 2000 | fdate = 6 February 1998 | pridate =  | inventor = Robert Charles Rakoski | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 6231252 | status = patent | title = Character input system and method using keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 15 May 2001 | fdate = 4 October 1999 | pridate =  | inventor = Takuo Kitamura | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = NEC Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 6315472 | status = patent | title = Ergonomic keyboard device | pubdate =  | gdate = 13 November 2001 | fdate = 25 May 2000 | pridate =  | inventor = Catrina Muller | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7081837 | status = patent | title = Compressed standardized keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 25 July 2006 | fdate = 27 May 2003 | pridate =  | inventor = Taylor Bollman | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7199786 | status = patent | title = Reduced keyboards system using unistroke input and having automatic disambiguating and a recognition method using said system | pubdate =  | gdate = 3 April 2007 | fdate = 13 November 2003 | pridate =  | inventor = Daniel Suraqui | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7202853 | status = patent | title = Reduced keyboard system that emulates qwerty-type mapping and typing | pubdate =  | gdate = 10 April 2007 | fdate = 4 March 2003 | pridate =  | inventor = Edwin Ng | invent1 = Julian Joo Seng Oh | invent2 = Ken Chin Foo Tan | assign1 = Xrgomics Pte, Ltd. | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7310053 | status = patent | title = Compressed standardized keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 18 December 2007 | fdate = 4 October 2005 | pridate =  | inventor = Taylor Bollman | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7324019 | status = patent | title = Adjustable ergonomic keyboard for use with stationery palm and elements thereof | pubdate =  | gdate = 29 January 2008 | fdate = 3 January 2001 | pridate =  | inventor = David J. Levenson | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7414616 | status = patent | title = User-friendly Brahmi-derived Hindi keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 19 August 2008 | fdate = 3 January 2002 | pridate =  | inventor = Mahesh Jayachandra | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7420543 | status = patent | title = User-friendly Brahmi-derived Hindi keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 2 September 2008 | fdate = 23 June 2004 | pridate =  | inventor = Mahesh Jayachandra | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 7828489 | status = patent | title = Keyboard with a pair of pivotable keying modules | pubdate =  | gdate = 9 November 2010 | fdate = 27 January 2006 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves | invent1 = Carsten Buus | invent2 = Jonathan H. Biggs | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 8033744 | status = patent | title = Keyboard for a handheld computer device | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 October 2011 | fdate = 29 July 2005 | pridate =  | inventor = Paul Lloyd Baker | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D301233 | status = patent | title = Data communications terminal for deaf and/or deaf-blind persons | pubdate =  | gdate = 23 May 1989 | fdate = 1 April 1986 | pridate =  | inventor = Robert J. Briscoe | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = British Telecommunications public limited company | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = 5336001 |pubdate = D348877A | status = patent | title = Maximum comfort keyboard | gdate = 19 July 1994 | fdate = 30 October 1992 | pridate =  | inventor = Allan C. Lichtenberg | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D370669 | status = patent | title = Keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 June 1996 | fdate = 30 March 1993 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves | invent1 = Fernd Van Engalen | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D496654S | status = patent | title = Wireless communication device | pubdate =  | gdate = 28 September 2004 | fdate = 22 August 2003 | pridate =  | inventor = Brandon Stuart Burroughs | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kyocera Wireless Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D524820S | status = patent | title = Keyboard for a computer device, such as a personal computer, mobile telephone or personal assistant | pubdate =  | gdate = 11 July 2006 | fdate = 28 January 2005 | pridate =  | inventor = Paul Lloyd Baker | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D540335S | status = patent | title = Wave keypad | pubdate =  | gdate = 10 April 2007 | fdate = 3 April 2006 | pridate =  | inventor = Trevor A. Downs | invent1 = Shafer Ray Taylor | invent2 = Russell Gary Stout | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = D585063S | status = patent | title = Keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 20 January 2009 | fdate = 27 November 2007 | pridate =  | inventor = William Hargreaves | invent1 = Drew Carlson | invent2 = Mark Ando  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = RE34304E | status = patent | title = Quasi-steno keyboard for text into a computer | pubdate =  | gdate = 6 July 1993 | fdate = 7 November 1990 | pridate =  | inventor = Eric P. Goldwasser | invent1 = Dorothy Goldwasser | invent2 =  | assign1 =  | assign2 =  | class = }}
*{{ cite patent | country = US | number = RE43485E | status = patent | title = Keyboard | pubdate =  | gdate = 26 June 2012 | fdate = 2 July 2009 | pridate =  | inventor = William R. Hargreaves; Drew Carlson; Mark S. Ando; Jerry Yamamoto; Jonathan H. Biggs, Carsten Buus | invent1 =  | invent2 =  | assign1 = Kinesis Corporation | assign2 =  | class = }}

==Images==

<gallery widths=250 heights=167>
File:Orthogonal-.png
File:Orthogonal-1.png
File:Orthogonal-2.png
File:Orthogonal-3.png
File:Orthogonal-4.png
File:Orthogonal-5.png
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Patents]]