Editing Atari interface (section)

===ZX Spectrum===
The original Sinclair ZX Spectrum did not originally come with a joystick port so most games used the keyboard. The standard was to use 5-8 on the numeric row as [[cursor keys]].

A two-port expansion card called ''ZX Interface 2'' was released by Sinclair but not before the single-port ''Kempston Joystick Interface'' expansion card from ''Kempston Micro Electronics'' had established itself on the market.
The ZX Interface 2 mapped joysticks to keyboard keys on the numeric row — but to different keys than the cursor standard.
Other cards exist that map to either, to both or to both ''and'' the older keyboard standard.

The ZX Interface 2 does not connect the +5V line, so joysticks with turbo/auto-fire do not work. <ref name="fruitcake">Sinclair ZX Resource Centre —  [http://www.fruitcake.plus.com/Sinclair/Interface2/Interface/Interface2_Introduction.htm ZX Interface 2]. Retrieved 2018-05-24</ref>
The Kempston does not only connect the +5V line, it also allows lines 9 and 5 to be read as buttons.<ref name="yarekkempston">8bit Projects for Everyone—[https://8bit.yarek.pl/hardware/zx.joystick/index-de.html Kempston Joystick]. Dated 2002-10-12. Retrieved 2018-05-24</ref>

The Spectrum +2 and later (the [[Amstrad]] era) did come with 2 DE-9 joystick ports that were used like the ZX Interface 2's ports by programs — but the pinout is different from the Atari standard.